International regime complexity and enhanced enforcement of intellectual property rights: The use of networks at the multilateral level

This paper addresses international regime complexity at the multilateral level, taking into account initiatives undertaken to increase the scope strengthen the enforcement of IPR through shifts in regimes and the expansion of networks of state and non-state actors to increase the chances of obtaining a desirable outcome. Examples of multilateral organizations that have recently become involved in the enforcement of IPR are the World Customs Organization (WCO), World Trade Organization (WTO), International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and the Universal Postal Union (UPU), taking the lead in a field that has been traditionally under the attribution of the WTO and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).