This chapter explores investor responsibilities and obligations amid armed conflict. It analyses international humanitarian law (IHL) obligations binding investors and soft law obligations in voluntary initiatives specifically addressing corporate responsibility in times of conflict and explains how they relate. It further provides an overview of avenues of investor accountability, especially in the sphere of international criminal law and domestic civil law. The chapter’s main argument is that investment law presents another, underutilised and unexplored mechanism for enforcing IHL obligations. Due to the asymmetric nature of the investment regime, the enforcement potential is stronger when investors are victims of violence than when they participate in it. Despite this limitation, the chapter outlines strategies, highlighting the potential of investment treaties to financially sanction investors involved in conflict-related violations, by either permitting claims for damages against them, or by depriving them of investment treaty protections. It argues that maximising this potential would require changes in investment treaties and the establishment of a clearer connection with the legal frameworks that address the interplay between business and conflict
