Is the relationship between financial development and economic growth monotonic? : evidence from a sample of middle income countries

We revisit the relationship between financial development and economic growth in a panel of 52 middle income countries over the 1980-2008 period, using pooled mean group estimator in a dynamic heterogeneous panel setting. We show that financial development does not have a linear positive long-run impact on economic growth in this sample. When we consider a non-linear relationship between financial development and growth, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between finance and growth in the long run. In the short-run, the relationship is insignificant. This finding suggests that middle income countries face a threshold point after which financial development no longer contributes to economic growth.