Joint Deployment of Low Emission Zones and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Traffic emission problems and emerging electric vehicle technologies attract researchers’ attention. In order to manage traffic emissions and efficiency associated with different power source vehicles, this study investigates the optimal design of charging stations and low emission zone (LEZ) policies (an area where polluting vehicles are tolled). In particular, we first propose a set of mixed-integer linear constraints to identify a valid LEZ layout. Next, we develop three label-setting algorithms that address routing, charging, and mode choice for gasoline vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. We then formulate the mixed-type vehicle traffic equilibrium as a convex program. Based on the above models, we develop a bi-level multi-objective program considering time and emission costs while simultaneously optimizing charging station deployment and LEZ. Two specially designed algorithms solve the associated Pareto frontier. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of models and algorithms and reveal some valuable managerial insights
Year of publication: |
2022
|
---|---|
Authors: | Luo, Zhixiong ; Yang, Yanni ; He, Fang ; Lin, Xi ; Chen, Qiang |
Publisher: |
[S.l.] : SSRN |
Saved in:
freely available
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