In recent years, new evidence and conclusions on the characteristics of innovation across the economy as a whole have given rise to new theories and new approaches to policy. There is a reference group of eight countries for this report: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the US. The report presents 12 measures, consisting of a large number of indicators, towards which an innovative society can strive. These indicators and the rationale behind them are discussed in this report.