Leadership and Organizational Justice: Similarities and Differences across Cultures

International management scholars and practitioners agree that managers cannot simply assume that leadership behaviors effective in one culture can be readily transferred to other cultures. This study examines the relationship of transformational leadership and leader member exchange to organizational justice and job satisfaction in five separate cultures. Results indicate that while there is consistent support for some of the proposed linkages, there are also some interesting differences across cultures. Implications for theory and future research on international business are discussed.© 1999 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1999) 30, 763–779