Logistics Analysis of the Pathogen Control Provisions of the Almond Marketing Order

The Marketing Order for California almonds was amended in 2007 to enhance food safety. Around 400-500 million pounds of almonds undergo an added step in processing to reduce risk of salmonella contamination. This paper reports on the logistics necessary for implementing the program. We use a linear programming model and assess the uncertain costs of transportation and the risks related to regulatory approval of certain pasteurization technologies. The total cost of treatment and the associated logistics is approximately $28 million per year. Capacity for treatment is adequate. The pricing of out-sourced treatment services is the main driver in the cost estimates.