Materialism and Idealism in Organizational Theory

Organization theory needs a framework that can elucidate the technological, economic, political and symbolic forces that are at work in and on organizations. Much organizational research can be seen as materialist, by virtue of its granting primary causal efficacy to technical-economic forces, or idealist by virtue of privileging political-symbolic forces. The conflict between materialism and idealism has often been inflated and/or obscured by conceptual strategies of specialization, eclecticism and reductionism. A metatheoretical approach to materialism and idealism is presented that clarifies the fundamental nature of the approaches and distinguishes areas of possible reconciliation from areas of irreducible conflict