Measuring Households' Vulnerability to Idiosyncratic and Covariate Shocks – the case of Bangladesh

This paper examines multinational public goods provision under multilateral income transfers and productivity differences across countries. We assume the existence of a planner who uses linear approximation for utility maximization for all countries. The main findings are: (i) A country is an income receiver if it has an advantage in producing public goods; (ii) the planner country can determine the values of transfers for all countries with an adjustment cost; (iii) all countries obtain an identical level of utility; (iv) the country with the lowest adjustment cost is the best candidate for the planner country. All results are derived based on well-known information regarding the cost of producing the public goods and on income levels.