Is Nominal Public but de Facto Private Land Ownership Appropriate? A Comparative Study among Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam; Japan; Taiwan Provice of China; South Korea; China; Myanmar; and North Korea.

In the transition from the centrally planned economy to a market-oriented rural development, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam established a nominal state - but de facto private - land ownership. As a result, both new landlessness and inefficient land-holding immediately appeared. How to prevent these problems while still achieving market-oriented rural development? The Chinese model - a third way between the centrally planned economy and free market system - provides a useful example, which may be relevant not only to these three countries as well as Myanmar and North Korea, but also to many other economies.