Offre optimale de liquidité bancaire par la Banque Centrale : une approche microéconomique

The excess liquidity of commercial banks is very often mentioned in the CEMAC as one of the limits of monetary policy implementation by BEAC. In this paper, we tried to address excess reserves in the CEMAC banking system looking from the point of view of commercial banks. Indeed, commercial banks may decide to hold reserves above the level required by the regulator for costs minimization perspectives. By minimising the cost function of each commercial bank, we derived the optimal level of excess liquidity desired by it. The obtained results allow classifying the banks of the CEMAC zone into two categories depending on the level of excess reserves necessary to minimize their costs and provide the amounts of liquidity desired by them. The Central Bank can then use this information to improve its liquidity supply to the banking system by anticipating the demands of liquidity by commercial banks during open market operations.