Panel Cointegration with Global Stochastic Trends

This paper studies estimation of panel co-integration models with cross-sectional dependence Generated by unobserved global stochastic trends. The standard least squares estimator is, in General, inconsistent owing to the spuriousness induced by the unobservable i(1) trends. We propose two iterative procedures that jointly estimate the slope parameters and the stochastic Trends. The resulting estimators are referred to respectively as cupbc (continuously updated and bias-corrected) and the cupfm (continuously updated and fully modified) estimators. We establish their consistency and derive their limiting distributions. Both are asymptotically unbiased and asymptotically normal and permit inference to be conducted using standard test Statistics. The estimators are also valid when there are mixed stationary and non-stationary Factors, as well as when the factors are all stationary