Performance des Télécommunications, Qualité institutionnelle et IDE en Afrique du Nord: CAS du MAROC et la TUNISIE

This article seeks to identify and analyze the interaction factors of attractiveness for FDI and the role of ICT, specifically telecommunications, as a determining factor in the increase of FDI flows. The theoretical approach pays special attention to the economic theory of knowledge and theory of New Institutional Economics and to detect attractiveness factors FDI and mechanisms through which ICT will attract more foreign investors. The method used is an OLS estimation method and the goal is to establish a comparison between Tunisia and Morocco. This idea has been the econometric part of this work. Our investigation found that the size of the institutional quality attractive for FDI is economic governance for Morocco detected by the quality of regulation, while in Tunisia it is the control of corruption. The results support the hypothesis that better infrastructure and better institutional quality facilities have a positive impact on FDI flows, in contrast to the economic literature, the size of the market and efforts in improving the human capital has no significant impact for the case of Morocco. The difference is however very clear between Morocco and Tunisia, marked by a significant and positive effect of the number of Internet users on the attractiveness of FDI. The effectiveness of public policy, political stability and the immediate demands abilities and expressions have a positive indirect impact on the attractiveness of FDI for Morocco. Similarly, we find that institutional quality positively affects FDI through the performance of telecommunications for the case of Morocco, while institutional quality positively affects FDI through human capital in the case of Tunisia.