Policy instruments for environmental and natural resource management

1. Background and overview -- Part 1: The need for environmental and natural resource policy -- 2. Causes of environmental degradation -- 3. The evolution of rights -- Part 2: Review of policy instruments -- 4. Direct regulation of the environment -- 5. Taxes -- 6. Tradable permits -- 7. Subsidies, deposit-refund schemes, and refunded emissions payments -- 8. property Rights, legal instruments, and informational policies -- Part 3: Selection of policy instruments -- 9. Efficiency of policy instruments -- 10. Role of uncertainty and asymmetric information -- 11. Equilibrium effects and market conditions -- 12. Distribution of costs -- 13. Politics and enforcement of policy instruments -- 14. International aspects and climate change -- 15. Design of policy instruments -- Part 4: Policy instruments for road transportation -- 16. Environmental damages caused by transportation and road pricing vehicles -- 17. Taxation or regulation for fuel efficiency -- 18. Fuel quality policies -- 19. Vehicle standards, urban planning and lessons learned -- Part 5: Policy instruments for industrial pollution -- 20. Global climate change: international, domestic policies and carbon markets -- 21. Experience in developing countries -- Part 6: Policy instruments for the management of natural resources and ecosystems -- 22. Adapting models to ecosystems: ecology, time and space -- 23. Water -- 24. Waste -- 25. Fisheries -- 26. Agriculture -- 27. Forestry -- 28. Ecosystems -- Part 7: Conclusion.