Procesos de conformación histórica y tendencias de futuro de los paisajes de las altiplanicies y el sureste árido andaluz
<b>RESUMEN:</b><br> <br> El trabajo analiza los cambios en los paisajes rurales del sureste árido andaluz a lo largo de<br> la historia. Los paisajes tradicionales se formaron en tiempos medievales y permanecen vigentes<br> hasta mediados del siglo XX. Los paisajes contemporáneos rompen con la estrategia de subsistencia<br> anterior. Las producciones se orientan hacia los mercados internacionales y nacionales. Y, como<br> tendencias de futuro, aparecen las producciones ecológicas y cultivos en experimentación.<br> <br> <b>ABSTRACT:</b><br> <br> This paper analyses changes in rural landscapes in the arid south east of Andalucía over the<br> course of its history.<br> Traditional landscapes were shaped in the Middle Ages and endured up until the mid 20th<br> Century. The traditional agrarian landscape of the high plains and arid south east of Andalucía<br> has had a secular presence in its cultivated lands and has also served another purpose: responding<br> to the most basic needs of peasants farmers and their families to ensure adequate food and<br> subsistence, as well as affording them the possibility of selling or exchanging any surplus for other<br> products they might need.<br> The roots of this landscape can be traced backto the Arab domination (8th to 15th Centuries)<br> and subsequent Moorish occupation (up to the early 16th Century). It is a landscape with diverse and<br> promiscuous polyculture. During the 16th and 17th Centuries, once the Moors had been expelled,<br> there was a drive to repopulate these areas from the rest of Spain, and the landscape became<br> more “Castilian”, with large ‘Latifundio’ estates becoming increasingly important, along with the<br> production of cereals and livestock farming.<br> Ensuring that the soil was suitable for agriculture, on fl at and gently sloping land, was achieved<br> through controlled burning (or grazing) of the primitive Mediterranean brushland. Once the plots of land had been cultivated, they would be left to rest for a long period of many years until they had<br> recovered their fertility and stored suffi cient water. Howeveron sloping lands - making up the majority of this territory - small plots were created, suitable for cultivation, in the form of terraces supported by dry stone walls cut into the contours of the hills.<br> The result was an artifi cial landscape comprising thousands of small stone terraces which were<br> spread over steps in the foothills, creating small or tiny fl at plots of land suitable for cultivation.<br> Another original feature of the traditional landscape was the development of a series of original<br> techniques to capture water, the likes of which are only found in the north of Africa.<br> Contemporary landscapes break away from the previous strategy of subsistence. Production<br> was focused on national and international markets. And, in terms of futuretrends, organic production and experimental crops are appearing.<br> During the 19th Century and the fi rst half of the 20th Century, the arid south east was incorporated<br> into the global markets through the supply of minerals and the fi rst intensive production. A<br> commercial bourgeoisie then emerged for the exportation of sugar beet, vines which produced the<br> Ohanes table grape, oranges and vegetables.<br> Since the second half of the 20th Century, the agricultural landscape of the arid south east has<br> become increasingly dependent on new technologies and exterior infl uences, in the form of genetic<br> varieties for more profi table crops - fruit, vegetables and organic crops - and new irrigation techniques, as well as long-distance transfers of water from the desalination plants on the coast or reservoirs.
Year of publication: |
2013
|
---|---|
Authors: | Delgado, Carlos Parejo |
Published in: |
Revista de Estudios Regionales. - Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. - Vol. 01.2013, p. 65-98
|
Publisher: |
Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales |
Subject: | Aridez | Estrategia | Producción | Ecología | Paisajes | Aridity | Strategies | Productions | Ecology | Landscapes |
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