Programas sociais : trajetória temporal do acesso e impacto distributivo

The objective of this text is to analyse with the PCV (Pesquisa sobre Condições de Vida) data, temporal evolution of the access to certain public policies in the social area and to quantify the distributive impact of the programs whose benefits are monetary. In relation to the temporal evolution, the PCV data of 1990, 1994 e 1998, allow us to detect a "perverse focus" in the state education and in public health. The segments in the lowest deciles of the population grew during the 1990's. However, as the institutional universality kept itself, the conclusion is almost obvious, this focalization resulted from migration of the clientele from families with the larger income. In the indirect salaries which receive subsidies from the state (such transportation and food coupons, etc.), the profile didn't change during the decade. It continued to concentrate its benefits in the medium to superior interval of the distribution. The distributive impact of the monetary benefits was estimated for the year of 1998 (PCV of 1998) by using the Coefficients of Gini and Theil. The exercise consists in measuring an initial income by basing it on the current income less the monetary transference. The Gini and Theil were calculated by accepting this distinction and by subtracting from current income each program and then adding each one to the initial income. The conclusion is the following: in global terms, the expenditures tend to reduce the initial coefficient of income concentration even though this conclusion is not symmetric ( the coefficient do not rise necessarily when the current income is taken out of program). In this last case, it depends on the program and on the coefficient.