Psychology

Psychology, the scientific study of the mind, is often assumed to be a late nineteenth-century Continental (German peraps?) import to Britain and the United States; after the waning of Freudian psychoanalysis, however, the importance of the much neglected British-US contribution to the field of psychology has become clear. British and US thinkers had already made significant advances in the science of the mind even before the rise of experimental psychology and psychoanalysis on the Continent. By the mid-nineteenth century, they had established a strong transatlantic tradition of mental science that has retained a distinctly empirical and pragmatic orientation: in Britain and the United States, psychologists have aimed at developing not just a system of knowledge but also a social instrument with moral interests and practical applications