Publishers of Textbooks and Competition. Resolution of Spain Agency (CNMC) 05/30/2019

The final resolution of the Competition Agency of Spain (Expte. S/DC/0594/16 ANELE), fines several editorials over the infraction of the market about final pricing in the non-university books. The companies arranged the price of digital licenses. The majority of the undertakings investigated are members of one association (80% of the sales). Until 2012, most publishers included as part of their commercial policies certain commercial instruments that allowed them to compete with each other