Regional science: Parallels from physics and chemistry

Against the background of the fruitful application of the gravitational force from physics in the development of the gravity model extensively employed in regional science, possible parallels from the analysis of the coplay of the four basic forces of particle physics are examined. In particular, the possible parallels from the analysis of the bondings of the strong force and the diverse ones of the electromagnetic force, and specifically how these parallels can replace the relatively outmoded set of concepts of scale, localization and urbanization economies for regional shopping center analysis and related urban structure theory are studied.