Requirements for a Unified System of Road Vehicles Environmental Labelling and Low Emission Zones

A concise analysis of global experience in the field of environmental labelling of road vehicles with an emphasis on differentiating access to low-emission zones is given. The main principles of the introduction and application of a unified system of environmental labelling of road vehicles are highlighted with an emphasis on tools to stimulate the maintenance of the environmental properties inherent in the design. On the basis of simulation, forecasts of a decrease in the average specific reduced emissions of harmful substances by a fleet of vehicles of different categories are given in accordance with different control scenarios. Through the introduction of the proposed environment zones of various levels, the fundamental possibilities are shown to achieve a decrease in the level of total specific reduced emissions approximately: up to 40–65 % of the current level within dense urban development covering large territories (“red” environment zones of level V with the maximum permissible level of reduced emissions of 251 g/km (g/tkm) and, accordingly, limiting the active operation of at least vehicles that meet the requirements of "Euro-0" and below); 4–5 times in very polluted and densely populated areas ("yellow" environment zones of level IV, with restrictions for cars with engines with positive ignition of the level "Euro-2" and below, and cars with diesel engines "Euro-4" and below ); by an order of magnitude in especially sensitive designated areas ("green" environment zones of level III with the maximum permissible level of reduced emissions of 63 g/km (g/tkm) with unlimited access for cars with engines with positive ignition of the "Euro-4" level and above, passenger cars with diesel engines of "Euro-6d" level up to 8 years, trucks and buses of "Euro-6" level up to 15 years old)