Shifting Tourism Demand : Risk, Health, and Sustainability in the Age of COVID-19

COVID-19 created a dynamic shock to the international tourism industry, with the related health concerns and travel restrictions impacting travelers' perceptions of risk. Among the most affected economies were Small Island Developing States (SIDS), which are highly dependent on tourism receipts, have small domestic tourism markets, and rely on international air connectivity. To better understand the impact of COVID-19 on tourists, and support destinations in their reopening processes, the World Bank undertook consumer market research on three key European outbound markets