Solvency Capital, Pricing and Capitalization Strategies of Life Annuity Providers

This paper provides a detailed quantitative assessment of the impact of solvency capital requirements on product pricing and shareholder value for a life insurer. A multi-period firm value maximization model for a life annuity provider, allowing for stochastic mortality and asset returns, imperfectly elastic product demand, as well as frictional costs, is used to derive optimal capital and pricing strategies for a range of solvency levels reflecting differences in regulatory regimes. The model is calibrated using realistic assumptions and the sensitivity of results assessed. The results show that value-maximizing insurers should target higher solvency levels than the Solvency II regulatory 99.5% under assumptions of reasonable levels of policyholder's aversion to insolvency risk. Even in the case of less restrictive solvency regulation, policyholder price elasticity and solvency preferences are shown to be important factors for a life insurer's profit maximizing strategy.