Sustainability, Water Resources Systems and Utilization in Sudan

The paper analyzes the current situation of Sudan water requirements as a future prospect for economic development and satisfying population needs. It is evident that Sudan has diverse water resources, rainfall, underground, seasonal wadi and oasis. Agricultural development and food production can be ameliorated to contribute in the world continuous problems of food production and increasing prices. However, there are deficiencies in available required data for planning such schemes. For example, in the conflicting, war infested Darfur region where water is considered a vey scarce resource and strong grounds for genocide, studies of 1960's underground water reservoirs estimated the volumes discovered in dry North Darfur only at 8003 kilometers. More resources remain to be estimated in addition to huge seasonal rivers that bring at 15 milliard m3/annum. Sustainable economic planning based on proven water resources are required. The paper details water resources in Sudan and analyzes means and difficulties of optimal utilization in accordance with fragile ambient ecosystems. Descriptive and analytical methods were used to reach results. The results and conclusions outlines the necessity to subsidize the current economic development paradigms from riverain lands to what is called marginal regions, West and East of the Nile River. Besides the existence of supportive water resources, that will add social cushion to escalating grudges and claims to conflict allegations of concentrated development and allocations to specific regions