Synthesis of Biodiesel from Fish Processing Waste by Nano Magnetic Catalyst and its Thermodynamic Analysis

The current work describes Nano magnetic catalysts for oil extraction and synthesis of biodiesel. Oil is mainly extracted from fish processing industrial waste, and first-order equations are considered to determine its kinetic and thermodynamic parameters involved in extraction. Variables like rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea), frequency factor (A), entropy (ΔS), enthalpy (ΔH), and Gibb free energy (ΔG) were determined at different temperatures. The extracted oil was used to produce biodiesel, and various parameters affecting the process, such as reaction temperature and catalyst concentration, on biodiesel yield were estimated. Biodiesel yield was determined gravimetrically. The resulting biodiesel was tested according to ASTM standards and the ASTM D6751 specification. Therefore, reusable Nano magnetic catalysts efficiently produce biodiesel from industrial waste