Technology Transfer from Universities.

technology transfer has moved from a contested and peripheral activity among America's research universities to an accepted, indeed valued, part of core missions in the span of about 15 years. The change has been accompanied by pronouncements by university presidents and boards of trustees, revisions in institutional policies, establishment of new offices, expenditures of institutional funds, and alterations in faculty norms and attitudes. The change has produced traceable impacts on selected indictors of technology tranfer and discernible if incompletely traceable impacts on processes of technological innovation and national or regional competitiveness in economic growth.