The capital needs of central banks

1. Central banks' capital : an introduction / Peter Sinclair and Sue Milton -- 2. Central bank finances and independence : how much capital should a central bank have? / Alex Cukierman -- 3. Central bank financial strength and macroeconomic policy performance / Peter Stella -- 4. Financing the central bank : capital adequacy and financial independence-- an accountant's perspective / Robin Darbyshire -- 5. Securing financial independence in the legal basis of a central bank / Fabian Amtenbrink -- 6. Central bank capital adequacy for central banks with or without a monetary policy / Luca Papi -- 7. Exchange rate appreciation and negative central bank capital : is there a problem? / Jan Frait and Tomas Holub -- 8. Central bank losses, electronic money and contestable central banking / Yuksel and Gormez -- 9. Funding models for central banks : the European Central Bank-- a special case? / Ian Ingram -- 10. Central bank funding models and their risk-return profile / J. Ramon Martinez-Resano -- 11. How ALM techniques can help central banks / Age Bakker, Han van der Hoorn and Leonard Zwikker.