The Choice between 3D Property Rights Alternatives - Economic Theory, Legal Provisions, and Case Studies

The article analyses the economic and legal choice between 3D property formation and other property rights alternatives to accommodate needs for multiple uses of and access to three-dimensionally defined spaces. An overview of 3D property rights alternatives in Sweden is presented, and a closer comparison made between easements and 3D property formation with regard to transaction costs. Two case studies show that the choice between different 3D property rights alternatives may in practice depend on features in completely different parts of the real property law system.