“The Economic System of China” by Steven Cheung was originally presented as the lead paper at the 2008 Chicago Conference on China’s Market Transformation, organized by Professor Coase. While the paper, with a Chinese translation, has been available in China since 2009, it has not received the attention it deserves outside China. In this new version, Professor Cheung added a postscript to the original paper, which Professor Coase praised as “powerful” and is kept intact.