The evolution of the relationship between delay of gratification and socioeconomic status during COVID-19-induced online education

We show the evolution of the delay of gratification (DG) of 951 students aged 10-14 years old during COVID-19-induced home-based online education by exploiting data from two waves of voluntary online surveys. Students with the highest socioeconomic status (SES) experienced a marginally significant absolute increase in DG, opening up a relative advantage between low- and high-SES students. The additional effort that high-SES parents invested due to the flexible home-office arrangements into the control and support of their offspring's' learning may have spurred these changes. Students' DG is thus malleable according to the quantity and quality of time parents spend with their children.