The EU's next Eastward enlargement will be complicated and expensive: Accession negotiations, association and new formats should be coordinated

Russia's war against Ukraine has led the EU-27 to grant Kyiv EU-candidate status quickly - even hastily, in the view of critics. For now, however, the preparation of accession negotiations can only be a secondary concern. The war, with its uncertain outcome, takes centre stage. For the EU this means supporting Ukraine militarily as well as financially and helping to organise international aid for reconstruction. Given this context, we should expect the EU not simply to adhere to the usual enlargement script in shaping its relations with Ukraine. Instead, it should coordinate three frame­works for action: the future accession negotiations, the current process of association, and potential new formats, such as a European Political Community or a Euro­pean Political and Economic Area.