The Pharmaceutical Industry in India and Hungary. Policies, Institutions, and Technological Development

The pharmaceutical industry is unique because of a close connection between knowledge and final product. As the quintessential science-based industry, pharmaceuticals depend heavily on high level manpower and substantial R&D for innovation. Because these requirements are costly, the industry is dominated by a small number of companies in a handful of industrialized countries. In Hungary and India, however, science0intensity was an opportunity rather than a barrier to entry.