The Singapore experience : the evolution of technologies, costs and benefits, and lessons learnt

Singapore is an island-state with a land area of about 710 square km, measuring 42 km across and 23 km from north to south. Densely populated with more than 4.8 million people, its transport needs are served by an infrastructure of 147 km of MRT/LRT lines and 3,300 km of roads catering to more than 900,000 vehicles. Given its land constraints, Singapore's overall transportation strategy cannot rely on building roads and more roads to serve its populace's travel needs. It needs a comprehensive and affordable public transport system and sustainable demand management tools.