Time of day pricing and its multi-dimensional impacts: A stated preference analysis

Time of day pricing uses higher tolls in the peak-hours to induce passenger car traffic to consider a switch to more sustainable alternatives in terms of time of travel, mode, route, and payment method. In designing such programs, special attention must be paid to ensure that the drivers’ behavioral responses to pricing are well understood. This is important because, if the analysts do not correctly predict users’ reactions, policies and programs may fail to achieve their objectives. Knowledge of users’ responses to pricing assists policy makers to design effective pricing programs.