Towards Sustainable Public Lighting : The Case Study of Walloon Municipalities

Artificial lighting is criticised for its negative externalities on the environment, the people, and the wildlife. Our paper aims to understand the complex situation of public lighting in the Walloon region of Belgium at the local level, to enlighten the nightscape more sustainably. We provide an overview of the macro-environmental influences that should be considered by the organisations active in developing sustainable lighting. Therefore, a Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis is performed. In addition, we conducted a stakeholder analysis of the public lighting systems in Wallonia. The i* framework is used to model stakeholders of public lighting and their respective interests and relationships. We used the Delphi method with three rounds to gather experts' opinions on the organisation of public lighting in order to build and validate the i* model. We combine the outcomes of both analyses to shape action plans and determine the drivers to ensure a smooth transition towards more sustainable public lighting