Três padrões de trabalho juvenil: Um estudo com metodologia mista sobre o trabalho em idades inferiores aos 18 anos no Brasil

This paper addresses different patterns of early work in Brazil, proposing a typology based both in quantitative and qualitative data. We first distinguish four categories of early work in the basis of age started to work and hours worked weekly. Applying linear regressions to quantitative data, we find that early work is statistically associated with lower levels of income during adulthood, except for those who worked during adolescence for up to 20 hours a week. With content analysis supported by the Reinert Method, we find that this last category of early work is also associated with a pedagogical orientation attempting to edges off school to work transitions. The content analysis also indicates that, in some cases, the work during childhood, although detrimental for educational and economical achievement, takes place in a caring familiar environment, a difference that may be relevant for the aim of public policies design. The quantitative data is from a Brazilian national survey: Pesquisa sobre Aspetos Sociais da Desigualdade - Instituto do Milênio, 2008. The qualitative data is from the project Radiografia do Brasil Contemporâne, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, 2016.