Trade Expansion through Market Connection : Trade Expansion through Market Connection: the Central Asian Markets of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. The Need for Central Asian Countries to Diversify Their Trade -- Recent Export Performance -- Diversification Potential -- 2. The Constraints Facing Central Asian Leading Cities -- The Constraints to Production Capacity within Countries -- The Constraints to Market Accessibility across Countries -- 3. Why Agglomeration is Important: Potential of Leading Cities as Drivers of Diversification -- The Competitive Advantage of Leading Cities -- The Need for an Explicit Space-Based Export Diversification -- Mainstreaming Space-Based Economic Policies -- 4. The "How to" of Expanding Trade in Central Asia -- Framework for a City-Led Diversification Strategy -- How to Promote Economic Density in Leading Cities -- How to Improve Leading Cities' Connections with their Agricultural Hinterlands -- How to Secure Accessibility to Key Regional Markets -- 5. References -- List of Tables -- Table 1. Summary of policy actions to be considered -- Table 1.1. Trade structure, Central Asia and Southeast Europe, 2003 and 2008 -- Table 1.2. Complementarity gap between Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan and major regional markets, 2008 (percent) -- Table 2.1. Access to selected backbone services in leading cities of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan, and in Europe and Central Asia, 2008 and 2009 -- Table 2.2. ICT performance in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan, 2007 -- Table 2.3. International bazaars, selected cities, 2008 -- Table 2.4. Storage capacity, leading cities and their Hinterlands, Kyrgyz Republic, 2008 -- Table 2.5. Storage facilities, Sughd Region Districts, Tajikistan, 2006 -- Table 2.6. External business environment constraints, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and Europe and Central Asia.