Translation of International Frameworks and National Policies on Climate Change, Land Degradation, and Biodiversity to Develop Integrated Risk Assessment for Watershed Management in Indonesia

The international conventions on environments, i.e., biodiversity (UNCBD), land degradation (UNCCD), and climate change (UNFCCC) stipulates country-level policies, programs, and actions in sustaining the environmental well-being. This study is intended to connect the three conventions that has been ratified into national policies in Indonesia. The connection is proposed to provide a framework to develop indicators for measuring risks of watershed functions and services to the exposure of climate change. Using a case study of Way Khilau Watershed of Lampung, Indonesia, the risk level is measured based on a set of risk components and indicators developed with referring to Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. 60/2014 about classification of watershed health condition, Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. 29/2009 about biodiversity, and Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 7/2018 about climate change risk assessment. The main targets of each policy applied to watershed management are to classify watershed conditions: preserved and restored (MoF No. 60/2014), inform profile biodiversity (MoF No. 29/2009), and measure climate change risks (MoEF No. 07/2018). This study formulated a method to measure risk levels of a watershed based on analysis of the risk indicators grouped into biophysical, socio-economic, and governance. Under current condition, the Way Khilau watershed has the score of about 123.25 which alarms the needs for restoration. The projected climate change will amplify the risk level of the Way Khilau watershed, resulting to the score of 138 nearly approaching the upper thresholds of 150. This risk levels urge actions to restore the watershed