Transport Mechanisms for CO<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>4</sub> Exchange and Safe CO<sub>2</sub> Storage in Hydrate-Bearing Sandstone
CO<sub>2</sub> injection in hydrate-bearing sediments induces methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production while benefitting from CO<sub>2</sub> storage, as demonstrated in both core and field scale studies. CH<sub>4</sub> hydrates have been formed repeatedly in partially water saturated Bentheim sandstones. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and CH<sub>4</sub> consumption from pump logs have been used to verify final CH<sub>4</sub> hydrate saturation. Gas Chromatography (GC) in combination with a Mass Flow Meter was used to quantify CH<sub>4</sub> recovery during CO<sub>2</sub> injection. The overall aim has been to study the impact of CO<sub>2</sub> in fractured and non-fractured samples to determine the performance of CO<sub>2</sub>-induced CH<sub>4</sub> hydrate production. Previous efforts focused on diffusion-driven exchange from a fracture volume. This approach was limited by gas dilution, where free and produced CH<sub>4</sub> reduced the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and subsequent driving force for both diffusion and exchange. This limitation was targeted by performing experiments where CO<sub>2</sub> was injected continuously into the spacer volume to maintain a high driving force. To evaluate the effect of diffusion length multi-fractured core samples were used, which demonstrated that length was not the dominating effect on core scale. An additional set of experiments is presented on non-fractured samples, where diffusion-limited transportation was assisted by continuous CO<sub>2</sub> injection and CH<sub>4</sub> displacement. Loss of permeability was addressed through binary gas (N<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>) injection, which regained injectivity and sustained CO<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>4</sub> exchange.
Year of publication: |
2015
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Authors: | Birkedal, Knut Arne ; Hauge, Lars Petter ; Graue, Arne ; Ersland, Geir |
Published in: |
Energies. - MDPI, Open Access Journal, ISSN 1996-1073. - Vol. 8.2015, 5, p. 4073-4095
|
Publisher: |
MDPI, Open Access Journal |
Saved in:
freely available
Extent: | application/pdf text/html |
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Type of publication: | Article |
Classification: | Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Q0 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics. General ; Q4 - Energy ; Q40 - Energy. General ; Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources ; Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy ; q47 ; Q48 - Government Policy ; Q49 - Energy. Other |
Source: |
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011275207
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