Urban and peri-urban agriculture as a livelihood strategy of internally displaced persons in Khartoum

Urban agriculture is a very important activity of refugees although it has not been in the focus of research as today. This research was done in the region of greater Khartoum in the Sudan which was the destination of migration of 5 million people in the last 25 years coming in cause of environmental disasters and military conflicts. By the realization of urban and periurban agriculture the absolute poverty is strongly reduced. But the realization of urban agriculture in a new and strange environment creates many problems coming from the natural, economic and social differences between the homeland and the destination of migration. Generally, there is a low degree of agricultural development, but over the time, differences are emerging. There is a general tendency that all the migrants wish to return to their homeland, but the concrete intentions to go back has a greater importance in the migrants with smaller fields and a lower degree of agricultural development. The social factors are also important - not only in choose of the destination of the migration, but also in the decision to stay or to return which is affected by the social integration into the host community.