VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE PRACTICES: THE USE OF PRO FORMA REPORTING
This article looks at how U.S. managers supplement GAAP earnings with pro forma reporting. Pro forma measures, which are not audited, are typically determined through an adjustment to GAAP-based earnings. For example, a manager may choose to present an alternative to GAAP earnings that excludes period write-offs and one-time restructuring charges in order to present a more value-relevant picture of the company's performance. 2004 Morgan Stanley.
Year of publication: |
2004
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Authors: | Entwistle, Gary ; Feltham, Glenn ; Mbagwu, Chima |
Published in: |
Journal of Applied Corporate Finance. - Morgan Stanley, ISSN 1078-1196. - Vol. 16.2004, 2-3, p. 73-80
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Publisher: |
Morgan Stanley |
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