West African Economic and Monetary Union : Selected Issues

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- BOX -- FIGURES -- FIGURES -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- BOX -- FIGURES -- BOXES -- FIGURES -- BOXES -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- A. External Sector Developments -- 1. Recent Developments -- 2. Outlook -- 1. Growth and Fiscal Consolidation Scenario -- B. Exchange Rate Assessment -- 3. Exchange Rate Assessment -- C. Reserve Adequacy -- 4. Foreign Exchange Coverage -- 5. NFA-Commercial Banks -- 6. Reserve Adequacy -- D. Non-Price Competitiveness -- 7. Doing Business -- References -- EXTERNAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT -- A. Introduction -- 1. Developments in Commercial Banks' Balance Sheets -- B. Possible Causes -- 2. Fiscal and External Imbalances -- 3. Interest Rates -- C. Risks -- 4. Interbank Market Activity by Maturity -- D. Policy Options -- DEVELOPMENTS IN CENTRAL BANK LIQUIDITY PROVISION: A HARBINGER OF WIDER MACROFINANCIAL RISKS IN THE WAEMU? -- A. Benchmarking Financial Access -- 1. WAEMU: Financial Access -- 2. Demographical Characteristics of Financial Access -- 3. Deposit and Payment Modes -- 4. Use of Loans -- 5. Firms -- B. Explaining Private Sector Credit Gaps -- 6. Drivers of the Financial Gap -- 7. Credit to the Private Sector -- 1. Determinants of Financial Inclusiveness Gaps, 2004-2013 -- C. Identifying the Most Binding Constraints to Firms' Financial Inclusion -- 2. WAEMU: Target Moments -- 8. Lowering Participation Costs -- 9. Lowering the Cost of Intermediation -- 10. Lowering Collateral Constraints -- References -- FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN THE WAEMU -- A. Introduction -- 1. The WAEMU's Market for Mobile Payments -- 2. Provider if Mobile Payments in the WAEMU -- 3. Mobile Banking Across Demographical Groups, 2011 -- B. Possible Impediments to Mobile Payments in the WAEMU -- 4. Number of Bank and Remittance Partners -- 5. Transaction Cost for Selected Providers.