Why is There a Home Bias? An Analysis of Foreign Portfolio Equity Ownership in Japan

This paper studies stock ownership in Japanese firms by non-Japanese investors from 1975 to 1991. Existing models predicting that foreign investors hold national market portfolios or portfolios tilted towards high expected return stocks are inconsistent with our evidence. We document that foreign investors overweight shares of firms in manufacturing industries, large firms, firms with good accounting performance, firms with low unsystematic risk, and firms with high leverage. Controlling for size, there is evidence that small firms that export more, firms with greater turnover, and firms that have ADRs have greater foreign ownership