This study was commissioned by climate investment funds (CIF's) E and L initiative to distill lessons from CIF's pilot program on climate resilience (PPCR) support identifying, designing, and implementing hydrometeorological and climate services investments. It seeks to generate learning and strategic insight into the different operational pathways that can be taken by national hydrological and meteorological agencies to develop, deliver, and strengthen hydrometeorological and climate services. The outputs from the study comprise of one synthesis report and three country studies for Jamaica, Mozambique, and Nepal. These three countries have been selected for the study due to their different institutional frameworks, hydrometeorological systems, and socio-economic context. They provide diverse in-depth insights in hydrometeorological and climate service development, delivery, and use. In this respect, the PPCR-supported Building Resilience to Climate-Related Hazards (BRCH) Project was selected as a case study project for Nepal to elucidate lessons learned on the process for modernizing hydrometeorological systems and developing climate services to users. It offers insight into challenges and opportunities for climate services development, delivery, and use in the South Asian developing countries. Qualitative methods, including structured interviews and literature review, were used to identify promising pathways to transform weather, water, and climate services in the three case study countries. In Nepal, the analysis of the data collected revealed five themes regarding critical pathways to continue to transform weather, water, and climate services in the country. These are: improving data resources, improving service design and delivery, improving hydrometeorological services through feedback and evaluation, fostering human resources capacity, and strengthening institutional arrangements. The report summarizes key findings and recommendations
