There are periodic calls for the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to supplement ex post antitrust enforcement with ex ante competition rulemaking under § 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC Act) to address competition problems that are especially hard to reach through adjudication in...

Article 3 of Regulation 1/2003 obliges the competition authorities of the EU Member States (national competition authorities or NCAs) to apply Articles 101 and 102 TFEU (EU antitrust law) whenever they apply national competition law to conduct falling within the scope of EU antitrust law....

This article explores the question of whether the standard of proof has been raised in modern EU competition enforcement. The general impression that it has become more difficult for the Commission to prove a violation of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU or a “significant impediment to effective...

As the sharing economy increases its share of the aggregate of overall productivity in nations around the globe, it is natural that it will attract competition policy concerns. Long experience shows that new firm and enterprise structures, contract relationships, and industries attract law...

This paper calls attention to the opportunity for competition authorities to contribute to the fight for gender equality. We also argue that adopting a gender lens can be helpful in achieving the efficiency-based objectives of competition authorities. We conclude by providing a menu of options...

India is presently in a unique position with respect to its competition law regime: the country has two competition laws in operation - one is an outgoing law and another one is a newly enacted law and this status quo prevails since year 2003! This paper presents a description of the competition...

The growing practical relevance of the ?more economic approach’ goes along with several challenges concerning the appropriate organization of economists and economic analysis in competition law enforcement. The article, which corresponds to the keynote speech held by the author on the Annual...

This paper examines the application of state aid rules to sale of public enterprises. Recent cases confirm the well-established principles that in order to exclude state aid from the sale of a public enterprise i) the selling authority must act as a private vendor who seeks to maximize revenue;...

After months of political controversy Germany overhauled its competition law regime and adopted a new Amendment to the Act against Restraints of Competition (ARC). In effect since 30 June 2013, the Amendment has led to further alignment of German competition law with its European counterpart....

This paper intends to give an overview on the Tunisian competition law. In fact, Tunisia has an experience of twenty years in strengthening fair competition in the local market. Anticompetitive practices as well as enforcement of the Tunisian competition law are discussed in this paper....