Constructing acceptor–donor units (D/A) of polymer is an efficient method for promoting carrier separation to optimize photoreactivity. However, the carriers across the D/A interface of micromolecule was relatively hindered by the Coulomb potential. In this work, the polarity-bridged...

Cooperative (co-op) advertising has been widely used in practice and employed as a strategy to improve the performance of a distribution channel. It is known from the existing models that co-op advertising could not achieve the channel coordination (i.e., maximize the total channel profit). In...

In a recent paper [Wang C., Webster S., 2007. Channel coordination for a supply chain with a risk-neutral manufacturer and a loss-averse retailer. Decision Sciences 38 (3), 361–389.], the authors study a supply chain consisting of a risk neutral manufacturer and a loss averse retailer and show...

In this paper, large deviations and their connections with several other fundamental topics are investigated for absorbing Markov chains. A variational representation for the Dirichlet principal eigenvalues is given by the large deviation approach. Kingman’s decay parameters and mean ratio...