This paper estimates the causal effect of testing on student educational outcomes. Standardized testing has become pervasive in the American schooling system as a means of measuring the performance of students and educators. Parents and other stakeholders often raise concerns that testing has...

This paper estimates the causal effect of racial diversity on academic outcomes in a higher education classroom setting. I exploit a natural experiment where first-year college students in a mandatory writing course are assigned to discussion conferences with varying racial compositions....

Observers have expressed concern about growing inequality in resources across universities. But are universities really becoming more unequal? We argue that the typical approach of examining endowment growth alone is not sensible. In line with the literature on household inequality, we focus...

Observers have expressed concern about growing inequality in resources across universities. But are universities really becoming more unequal? We argue that the typical approach of examining endowment growth alone is not sensible. In line with the literature on household inequality, we focus...