In May 2023, the EU formally adopted the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) bill, which requires that from 2026 onwards, high-carbon imports must use the appropriate Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) certificates. At the initial stage, the mechanism has gradually covered eight...

This paper summarizes the economics perspective on recycling of municipal solid waste. The first section reviews recent data on recycling rates in the United States and across all OECD countries. The OECD data suggest the average aggregate recycling rate across member countries appears to have...

This paper presents a novel approach to addressing VAT regressivity, by proposing the adoption of a progressive VAT: a single-rate, broad-base, VAT, whereby tax paid on consumption is re-paid to lower income households in real-time, at the moment of purchase. Such a system can effectively...