) interventions and the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) across two distinct exchange rate regimes: the fixed exchange rate …

The concept of smart grid (SG) was made real to give the power grid the functions and features it needs to make a … changes. The need for SG exponentially increases as more variable renewable energy sources are integrated into the power … system, with the power grid and the electricity market gradually being transformed from a centralized to a more distributed …

This paper shows that self-employment shapes labor market power in low-income countries, affecting industrial … development. Using Peruvian data, we show that wage-setting power increases with concentration, but less so where self …-employment is more prevalent. A general equilibrium model shows that while concentration increases oligopsony power, it also raises …

independent manufacturer when spillovers are low (resp. high). In contrast, when investments are sequential, if the buyer power is … industry and welfare. Overall, vertical integration is only desirable for the industry when the buyer power is high and may … damage welfare when both the buyer power and spillovers are low. …