quantitatively analyzes the generalized technical progress TFP and the system reform TFP and finds that the latter is subdivided into … reform productivity improvement TFP and capitalization reform zero-to-market-price premium TFP, from which originated the …

-oriented reform can spur industrial green development (IGD) although the industrial sector is the main battlefield of market …-oriented reform. Herein this study integrates labor, capital, energy into a unified research framework and investigates the impact of …

incorporating these insights and test it using original data on a major redistributive reform: mid-1970s land reform in Portugal. We … causally identify how land redistribution impacted local political competition. The reform party, the Communists, retained … appeal where there was high-level reform but lost vote share in parishes with low-level land reform, mainly among eligible …

-as-you-go supplementary insurance system into a funded system. In September 2021, the legislature passed Law 4826/2021 "Insurance Reform for …