explore what combination of the expenditure data and the income data seem to produce the most sensible data according to a few …

There is a large literature showing that the self-employed underreport their income to tax authorities. In this paper …, we quantify the extent to which the self-employed also systematically underreport their income in U.S. household surveys …. To do so, we use the Engel curve describing the relationship between income and expenditures of wage and salary workers …

of the twentieth century are consistent with consumption smoothing tendencies in the spirit of the permanent income … components, then we estimate marginal propensities to save out of each component of income. The two methodologies deliver similar … different contemporary household data. Marginal propensities to save out of unexpected income shocks are large relative to …

The issue of whether higher lifetime income households save a larger fraction of their income is an important factor in … empirical methods and the Panel Study on Income Dynamics, the Survey of Consumer Finances, and the Consumer Expenditure Survey … income groups: differences in Social Security benefits, different time preference rates, non-homothetic preferences, bequest …